The Department of National Defence (DND) is exploring the integration of uncrewed combat aircraft with its incoming fleet of F-35 fighter jets. Unclassified documents obtained by The Canadian Press reveal that the DND is researching various options in the realm of emerging drone technology. The financial implications of this initiative are notable, with estimates suggesting that establishing a fleet of aerial combat drones could cost up to $16 billion and necessitate hundreds of additional personnel. However, this figure represents an upper estimate, and uncertainties persist regarding both costs and the potential acquisition of combat drones. This exploration into drone technology reflects a growing trend among Canada’s military allies, prompting calls for the Canadian government to gain a better understanding of how its partners are employing similar technologies.
Experts like David Perry from the Canadian Global Affairs Institute emphasize the operational advantages of combat drones, suggesting they could provide the Air Force with increased flexibility and enhance its contributions to allied operations. Drones are typically less expensive than traditional fighter jets, making them appealing alternatives in a context where the cost of advanced aircraft can greatly limit quantities. Perry notes that with the acquisition of high-cost fighter jets, militaries face the challenge of balancing technological sophistication with the need for adequate numbers on the battlefield. The integration of unpiloted vehicles alongside piloted aircraft might help to bolster air force capabilities by increasing operational numbers, potentially overwhelming adversaries.
The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has further underscored the importance of unmanned aerial systems, with Russia employing substantial drone and missile tactics that complicate defensive efforts. Perry highlights the strategic advantage of deploying numerous drones to distract and confuse enemy defense systems, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful attacks. Despite observing the successful implementation of drones in other militaries, Canada has yet to deploy collaborative aerial systems in conjunction with conventional fighter jets, making this initiative a significant evolution in its military strategy.
Daniel Norton of the RAND Corporation, a veteran analyst of U.S. Air Force modernization, suggests that these smaller, uncrewed combat aircraft not only cost considerably less than crewed jets but also serve critical roles in hazardous operational environments where risking a pilot’s life is unfeasible. These so-called “collaborative combat aircraft” are designed to function with a degree of autonomy under human supervision, allowing them to partake in tasks such as targeting or flying. Emerging versions may achieve full autonomy, potentially broadening their operational capabilities to include surveillance or as tactical decoys. However, experts like Norton predict that widespread deployment of these platforms is unlikely before 2030.
In its latest defense policy update titled “Our North, Strong and Free,” the Canadian government reiterated its commitment to exploring options for acquiring drone and counter-drone capabilities. Internal assessments briefly considered the idea of developing wholly Canadian-made combat drones but eventually leaned towards collaboration with allied nations on international projects. This collaborative approach could foster opportunities for Canadian aerospace companies to engage in the development of advanced defense systems, reflecting an adaptive strategy in an evolving technological landscape.
Ongoing developments from partners like the U.S. and Australia, which are also working on advanced drones, showcase the progress and urgency within this sector. Noteworthy projects include the Boeing MQ-28A “Ghost Bat” and Anduril’s YFQ-44A, which are undergoing flight testing. As Canada deliberates its future military acquisitions amid a backdrop of shifting geopolitical dynamics and technological advancements, officials, including RCAF commander Lt.-Gen. Jamie Speiser-Blanchet, assert that the evolution of military capabilities is actively under consideration. With significant financial commitments already made toward acquiring the F-35 jets, the government’s impending decisions will shape the future of Canada’s military capabilities in the context of burgeoning drone warfare and modernization efforts.
