As the end of his presidency approaches, a debate has emerged regarding the legacy of Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, commonly known as AMLO. Despite maintaining an approval rating above 60 percent throughout his single six-year term, his tenure has been marked by controversy. While praised for implementing policies that have significantly reduced poverty, such as increasing the minimum wage and welfare payments, critics have accused him of eroding democratic oversight and failing to address issues of rights abuses and insecurity. AMLO has presented himself as a champion of the poor, challenging the country’s establishment and business interests, but questions remain about the transformative impact of his policies.
During his presidency, AMLO has often referred to his administration as a “fourth transformation”, emphasizing economic changes that have taken place under his leadership. Supporters point to reductions in poverty and inequality as some of the most positive aspects of his tenure, with millions of people lifted out of poverty. However, others argue that Mexico’s social spending remains low in comparison to other OECD countries, and tax collection rates are inadequate. The transformative nature of AMLO’s economic policies continues to be a topic of debate among Mexicans.
One of the ongoing challenges facing AMLO’s government is the issue of crime and security. While the murder rate in Mexico has seen a slight decline during his presidency, the country continues to face high levels of violence and insecurity. Accountability for perpetrators of violence remains a challenge, with a large percentage of homicides going unsolved. AMLO, who initially campaigned on a promise to move away from a militarized approach to crime fighting, has instead expanded the military’s role in public security, leading to concerns about civilian oversight and transparency.
AMLO’s administration has been marked by a divisive style of governance, characterized by combative rhetoric and a confrontational approach towards his critics. His close ties with the military have put him at odds with advocates for the country’s disappeared, many of whom remain missing due to violence perpetrated by criminal groups and state security forces. The government’s handling of cases such as the disappearance of 43 students in 2014 has led to criticism and protests, further polarizing Mexican politics. AMLO’s leadership style has contributed to a growing sense of division within the country.
In his final weeks in office, AMLO’s government has pushed through a series of reforms that have sparked controversy and protests. One of the most contentious changes is a constitutional amendment that will make judges stand for election, a move critics argue will politicize the judiciary and undermine democratic institutions. While AMLO and his supporters frame these reforms as necessary to combat corruption and privilege, opponents see them as eroding institutional independence and checks and balances. The passage of these reforms has further highlighted the ongoing tensions in Mexican politics.
As AMLO prepares to step down and hand over the presidency to Claudia Sheinbaum, his successor, the impact of his administration on Mexican politics is expected to endure. With his Morena Party securing supermajorities in Congress and Sheinbaum set to continue his political legacy, concerns have been raised about the consolidation of power and control under AMLO’s leadership. The realignment of Mexican politics under his tenure has raised questions about the future direction of the country and the implications of the changes implemented by his government.
