The presidents of Somalia, Eritrea, and Egypt have come together to improve regional security in the Horn of Africa, particularly in the face of threats posed by the al-Shabab armed group in Somalia. The summit held in Asmara, Eritrea, was called by President Isaias Afwerki and included the participation of Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi and Somalia’s President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. The leaders agreed to enhance cooperation, promote regional stability, and ensure the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of their respective countries.
In a statement released by the Eritrean information ministry, the three leaders emphasized the importance of confronting interference in the internal affairs of regional countries and coordinating joint efforts to achieve stability and sustainable development. This partnership aims to combat terrorism in all its forms, protect land and sea borders, and maintain territorial integrity. The security agreement could have implications for Ethiopia, which has been engaged in fighting al-Shabab in Somalia but has faced tensions with Mogadishu over plans to build a port in the breakaway region of Somaliland.
Somalia’s decision to sign a military deal with Egypt in August and Cairo’s commitment to provide troops for a new African Union mission against al-Shabab may further complicate relations in the region. Ethiopia and Egypt have long-standing disputes, particularly over the construction of a hydroelectric dam on the Nile River by Ethiopia. Eritrea, too, has had conflicts with Ethiopia despite having supported Ethiopian government forces in the recent war against Tigrayan forces. Eritrea’s exclusion from peace talks between Addis Ababa and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front also points to underlying tensions.
Despite historical conflicts and rivalries, the relationship between Ethiopia and Eritrea is described by Ethiopian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Nebiat Getachew as peaceful, characterized by good neighborliness and friendship. However, Eritrea’s irritation at being excluded from peace talks and its strained relationship with Ethiopia could have implications for regional dynamics. The three-way summit between Eritrea, Egypt, and Somalia signals a potential shift in alliances in the Horn of Africa and highlights the growing importance of cooperation to address security challenges in the region.
By deepening cooperation and mutual understanding, the three leaders are working towards a more stable and secure region. The commitment to combat terrorism, protect borders, and uphold the sovereignty of their respective countries reflects a shared goal of peace and development. While existing rivalries and geopolitical tensions may complicate these efforts, the willingness to engage in dialogue and collaboration is a positive step towards addressing the complex security challenges facing the Horn of Africa. As the region continues to grapple with threats from armed groups like al-Shabab, coordinated efforts and regional partnerships will be essential to fostering peace and stability in the region.
