Unithiol, an old drug used to treat heavy metal poisoning, is being considered as a possible treatment for venomous snakebites. Research in mice has shown that the drug can block damaging proteins found in the venom of many vipers. A recent Phase I clinical trial explored different dosages of unithiol in people, larger quantities than are typically used for metal poisoning, and did not find any safety issues. If successful, the drug could serve as a quick and stable treatment option that can be easily administered in rural areas where access to medical facilities is limited.
Venomous snakebites are considered a priority neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization, with millions of people globally suffering from snakebites annually. Venomous snakes in various regions contain proteins that cause bleeding and tissue damage by utilizing zinc from the body. Unithiol works by blocking these proteins and could potentially prevent the damaging effects of the venom. Given that antivenoms are currently the primary treatment for snakebites, unithiol offers a promising alternative with the potential for easy availability and administration.
Antivenoms, while effective, are expensive and require specific types for different snake venoms. They are typically administered in healthcare facilities intravenously and can cause severe allergic reactions. This can pose challenges for people living in remote areas who may not have access to these facilities. Unithiol, with its oral administration and stability at room temperature, could address these challenges by providing a more accessible and potentially lifesaving treatment option for snakebite victims.
The Phase I clinical trial conducted in Kenya tested various doses of unithiol on 64 adults to determine the appropriate dosage for snakebites in future trials. The researchers established a three-dose regimen to be tested in upcoming trials. If successful, unithiol could be used as an initial treatment for snakebites to mitigate damage while waiting for antivenom treatment. This could be particularly beneficial for individuals living in rural areas with limited access to healthcare facilities.
Overall, unithiol shows promise as a potential treatment for venomous snakebites by blocking damaging proteins in snake venom. With further research and clinical trials, it could offer a valuable alternative to antivenoms, especially in regions where access to healthcare facilities is limited. By providing a stable and easily administered treatment option, unithiol has the potential to save lives and prevent disabilities in individuals suffering from venomous snakebites globally.
