On June 18, 2025, Indonesia experienced significant disruptions following the eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki Laki, which released an extensive cloud of ash into the atmosphere. The initial eruption in the afternoon sent a thick plume soaring 10,000 meters high, forming a mushroom-shaped cloud visible from up to 150 kilometers away. Subsequent eruptions later that evening reached 5,000 meters, and by Wednesday morning, another eruption produced a 1,000-meter ash cloud. As a result, the country’s volcanology institute raised its alert level to the highest tier, expanding the recommended evacuation zone to eight kilometers around the crater. Despite the serious nature of the eruptions, no casualties have been reported, although debris fell in large areas beyond the designated danger zone, affecting several local villages.
The impact of the eruptions also led to extensive flight cancellations. More than 20 flights were called off, particularly those connecting Bali with countries like Australia, Malaysia, India, and China. Significant airlines such as Singapore Airlines and its subsidiary Scoot, along with Jetstar and Air New Zealand, announced cancellations and delays as the threat of ash clouds loomed. The Fransiskus Xaverius Seda airport in Maumere was closed temporarily for safety reasons. Thousands of passengers found themselves caught in the chaos, with one Air India flight even having to return to Delhi due to safety concerns, although all passengers were safely disembarked.
The dangers posed by volcanic ash to aviation are critical. When ash enters an aircraft engine, it can melt and stick to various components, leading to potential engine failure or impairment. In addition to engines, ash can clog airflow systems, cause sensor malfunctions, and contribute to reduced visibility in the cockpit. These hazards make flying through volcanic ash clouds extremely perilous, prompting airlines to take drastic precautions in managing their flight schedules during such events.
Indonesia is uniquely positioned in a high-risk area for volcanic activity due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire, a region known for containing numerous active volcanoes and frequent seismic occurrences. Approximately 130 active volcanoes make their home in Indonesia, placing the country in a constant state of vigilance regarding volcanic eruptions. Mount Lewotobi Laki Laki, which had previously erupted in May and March of the same year, exemplifies this ongoing threat. Although people living near the volcano have adapted to its presence, the potential for severe seismic events remains, evidenced by a fatal eruption that took place in November of the prior year, claiming nine lives and injuring many more.
The relationships between ongoing volcanic activity, air travel disruptions, and the local communities highlight the intricate dynamics of living in a volcanically active zone. Residents in villages like Nurabelen have responded to the eruptions by evacuating to safer locations, showcasing resilience and preparedness in dealing with natural disasters. Evacuation measures are often critical in safeguarding lives during such unexpectedly violent geological events, reinforcing the importance of disaster management systems in Indonesia.
The recent eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki Laki serves as a testament to Indonesia’s geological volatility and the continuous risk posed to both aviation and local populations. As the country navigates these challenges, it must also remain vigilant in monitoring volcanic activity and reinforcing its disaster management protocols to minimize the impact of future eruptions on air travel and the safety of its citizens.
