In 2024, the animal kingdom provided numerous fascinating discoveries that captured the attention of scientists and animal lovers alike. Belugas in captivity were observed molding their melons, or fat deposits on the head used for echolocation, into different shapes during social interactions. This behavior is believed to be a form of communication, with scientists eager to investigate if wild belugas also participate in this activity. In the wild, Japanese tits were also discovered to use gestural communication, a behavior typically associated with primates, to signal for mates to enter the nest first.
Domestic parlor roller pigeons were found to perform backflips due to specific genes, with researchers identifying 300 genes involved in this behavior. Japanese tits were also noted for their unique wing fluttering behavior to communicate with mates. Dogs were shown to exhibit surprise signals in their brains when presented with unexpected toys, suggesting they may form mental images of objects. A survey of cat owners revealed that many felines enjoy playing fetch, but only when they feel like it, showcasing their playful nature.
Woolly mammoths from Wrangel Island were previously believed to have died out due to inbreeding, but a new analysis of their genomes revealed a different story. The population was found to be robust, suggesting a natural disaster may have caused their extinction instead. Additionally, the genetic material from a 52,000-year-old mammoth was so well preserved in Siberian permafrost that researchers could determine which genes were active before the animal died.
Bees were shown to have incredible abilities, such as detecting the scent of lung cancer on a patient’s breath. Queen common eastern bumblebees were found to be remarkably waterproof, able to survive being submerged underwater for a week while hibernating underground. Leaping leeches, previously thought to be incapable of jumping, were captured on video seemingly taking giant leaps, sparking debate among scientists. Dice snakes were observed to feign death by deploying a range of over-the-top behaviors, such as covering themselves in poop and blood, to evade predators.
Ringed caecilians were discovered to feed their young a milk-like liquid produced in the reproductive tract, a unique trait for an amphibian. Tardigrades, known for their resilience, were found to enter a dormant state in response to chemical changes in their proteins, which allowed them to withstand extreme conditions. Poison frogs were observed engaging in unique courtship behaviors, with males using engorged, pheromone-laced fingers to grasp females’ faces during mating. These discoveries highlight the diverse and fascinating behaviors and abilities present in the animal kingdom in 2024.
