A recent study has found that daily multivitamin use does not decrease the risk of death, leading researchers to suggest that Americans focus on getting their nutrients from food rather than supplements. The study utilized the health records of over 390,000 generally healthy participants with no history of chronic disease who were followed for over 20 years. The research, published in JAMA Network Open, aimed to explore the long-debated benefits of multivitamins.
The study found that those who took daily multivitamins had a 4% higher mortality risk for all causes, although there were no differences in mortality risks from cancer, heart disease, or cerebrovascular diseases like stroke and aneurysms. The researchers noted that while participants who took daily multivitamins had lower BMIs, better sleep quality, and were more likely to be college-educated, further research is needed to evaluate the potential impact of regular multivitamin use on other health conditions associated with aging.
Researchers also highlighted the importance of focusing on food rather than supplements for optimal nutrition and mortality benefits. They noted that staples like vegetables, fruits, legumes, and cereal grains are crucial for areas with remarkable longevity. This study focused on generally healthy adults, and future research should include other groups such as those with nutrient deficiencies to gain a better understanding of the effects of multivitamins on health.
While the benefits of multivitamins have been debated for years, over 31% of Americans aged 19 and older still take them. Previous studies have suggested that multivitamins may lower cancer risk, reduce the risk of cataracts, improve memory in older adults, and benefit those with mood disorders. Standalone vitamins may also provide benefits, with doctors recommending supplements for patients with specific deficiencies like vitamin D.
The global dietary supplement industry is significant, with a worth of $177.5 billion in 2023, and is expected to grow by 9% between 2024 and 2030. Despite the regulation of multivitamins and other supplements by the FDA, they are not approved by the agency. Most regulation occurs after products hit the shelves, leading to concerns about the safety and efficacy of various dietary supplements.
Overall, the research suggests that while multivitamins may offer some benefits in certain populations, focusing on a healthy diet with nutrient-rich foods is crucial for optimal health and longevity. Further studies are needed to explore the effects of multivitamins on specific populations and to provide more clarity on the potential benefits and risks associated with their use.
