Thailand’s government recently released a proposal to restrict cannabis mainly to health and medical purposes, dropping plans to reclassify it as a narcotic. After decriminalizing cannabis for medical use in 2022, the market appeared virtually unregulated, with dispensaries popping up across the country. However, concerns over misuse and crime prompted the new conservative coalition government headed by the Pheu Thai Party to campaign on banning recreational use of marijuana. Former Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin called for the relisting of cannabis earlier this year, citing concerns about the future of the nation. The new Prime Minister, Paetongtarn Shinawatra, and Deputy Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul have taken a slightly softer stance on the issue, promising to uphold the plant for medical use, but expressing concerns about the impact of a ban on the cannabis industry.
Since the legalization of cannabis in Thailand, reports of drug-fueled violence and abuse have emerged, prompting the Health Ministry to report a spike in cannabis-related psychological issues. Over 1.1 million Thai people have registered for licenses to grow cannabis, and more than 6,000 dispensaries have opened with little quality control. The Health Ministry is concerned about an increase in young people using the drug, sparking fears of substance abuse issues. The industry has also led to a thriving weed tourism industry, making regulation a challenge for the government. Despite calls for more regulation, protesters argue against reclassifying cannabis as a narcotic, fearing economic impacts on those who have invested in the industry.
Prior to the legalization of cannabis in Thailand, the country had some of the harshest drug laws in the world, with possession of cannabis carrying up to a 15-year prison sentence. The proposed legislation bans recreational use of marijuana and includes fines and punishments for unauthorized uses, with fines reaching up to 100,000 Thai baht and/or up to one year in jail for selling cannabis without authorization. Permitted uses include medical treatment, government research, as well as its use in herbal, food, and cosmetic products. Current growers and suppliers will be required to apply for new licenses and permits under the tightened rules.
As Thailand awaits the finalization of the new legislation, weed shops remain open across Bangkok and beyond, but restrictions are already in place. Smoking or vaping cannabis in public places is prohibited, with fines for causing public nuisance. The details of what constitutes a nuisance are unclear, potentially leading to exploitation by police. Tourists are advised that cannabis is still illegal in neighboring countries and should not be transported across borders. Singapore, known for strict drug policies, can arrest citizens for drug use outside of the country as if it were consumed at home. The outcome of the proposed legislation will determine the future of cannabis in Thailand and its impact on the industry and public health.
