A recent review of studies on gut dysbiosis and rheumatoid arthritis found that an imbalanced gut can contribute to the inflammation characteristic of the disease. Some organisms in the gut can increase inflammation, while others may help alleviate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. This autoimmune disorder can cause joint pain and bone deformities, affecting many body systems such as the eyes, lungs, and heart. While there is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, researchers are exploring various treatments and preventative options, including how the gut microbiome impacts autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis.
The gut microbiome is defined as all the bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and eukaryotes that inhabit the human body. Trillions of microbes in the gut affect various bodily processes, including metabolizing food, protecting against infection, and regulating the immune system. Imbalances in the gut microbiome, known as dysbiosis, can disrupt immune system regulation and lead to inflammation in various tissues. Researchers are particularly interested in how certain bacteria in the gut can cause inflammation and contribute to autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.
A large meta-analysis included in the review connected a gut bacterium called Prevotella copri to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Elevated levels of P. copri can cause immune system dysfunction and joint damage, potentially leading to the development of the disease. Additionally, diets high in fiber, carbohydrates, and simple sugars can increase levels of these disease-causing bacteria, while other beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus casei can lower inflammation and improve joint symptoms. These findings highlight the role of diet in shaping the gut microbiome and its impact on health outcomes in people with rheumatoid arthritis.
Research suggests that fiber is a key component in adjusting the gut microbiome and improving health outcomes in autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Gut bacteria convert fiber into short-chain fatty acids, which can improve the functioning of the intestinal barrier and regulate the immune response. Increasing fiber intake through supplements or dietary changes can lead to a reduction in rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. In addition, reducing red meat consumption, increasing vitamin E intake, and following a Mediterranean diet can also improve symptoms and reduce inflammation associated with the disease.
Experts caution that more research is needed to confirm the relationship between gut dysbiosis and rheumatoid arthritis. While the evidence suggests a link between imbalances in the gut microbiome and the development of the disease, further studies are required to uncover the exact mechanisms at play. Recommendations for improving gut health and potentially reducing the risk of rheumatoid arthritis include consuming more fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants from fruits and vegetables, and probiotic foods like yogurt. Individual responses to dietary interventions may vary, and it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before making significant changes to one’s diet or lifestyle.
