The New Mexico Department of Health (NMDOH) has reported the state’s first case of human plague in 2025, marking a significant concern for public health officials. The confirmed case involves a 43-year-old man from Valencia County, who was hospitalized but has since been discharged. Health officials believe the individual contracted the plague while camping in Rio Arriba County. This incident highlights the ongoing presence of the plague in wildlife across the western United States, underlining the importance of vigilance and precautionary measures among residents and visitors in these areas.
Plague is primarily a bacterial disease affecting rodents, which is transmitted to humans mainly through bites from infected fleas. Direct contact with infected animals, including wildlife and domestic pets, is another route of transmission. Symptoms commonly associated with the plague include fever, chills, headaches, and weakness, alongside painful lymph node swelling, which can occur in areas such as the groin, armpit, and neck. In pets, signs of the disease may manifest as fever, lethargy, and lack of appetite, with possible swelling of lymph nodes beneath the jaw.
The last documented case of human plague in New Mexico occurred in a Lincoln County resident in 2024, indicating a sporadic but persistent risk of this ancient disease. Erin Phipps, the state public health veterinarian for NMDOH, emphasized that this latest case serves as a stark reminder of the grave threat posed by the plague. She urged the community to remain aware of the risks and to adopt measures to prevent further transmission of the disease, especially during the warmer months when outdoor activities increase.
Treatment of the plague is possible, with antibiotic medications that can substantially lower the fatality rate if administered following a prompt diagnosis. NMDOH encourages anyone exhibiting symptoms such as a sudden, severe fever, to seek medical attention without delay. This is crucial for both human health and for the well-being of pets, as early intervention can save lives.
Preventive strategies are vital for reducing the risk of plague infection. Public health officials recommend steering clear of sick or dead rodents and rabbits, cleaning and maintaining areas where rodents might nest, and properly storing hay, wood, and compost away from living spaces. For outdoor enthusiasts, using insect repellent is advised to help deter flea bites during activities like camping and hiking.
Pet owners are also encouraged to take proactive measures by employing flea repellent products on their pets and ensuring that any sick animals receive veterinary care promptly. By raising awareness and implementing preventative strategies, the community can work together to mitigate the risks associated with the plague and enhance overall public health safety.
